Using Mathematical Models to Investigate Phenotypic Oscillations in Cichlid Fish: A Case of Frequency-dependent Selection

摘要: Perissodus microlepis is a species of cichlid fish endemic to Lake Tanganyika (Africa). Adult P. are lepidophages, feeding on the scales other living fish. As an adaptation for this behavior exhibit lateral asymmetry with respect jaw morphology: mouth either opens right or left side body. Field data illustrate temporal phenotypic oscillation in mouth-handedness, and maintained by frequency-dependent selection. To better understand oscillation, Takahashi Hori model selection using population genetic model. Their results intriguing, purpose dissertation improve extend their model, which fails account important biological aspects.We novel approach that fuses disparate modeling traditions genetics dynamics; we both processes since, case microlepis, they occur same time scale (a microevolution). We construct our models systems difference equations. prove existence uniqueness positive equilibrium, corresponds 1 : ratio. Using local stability bifurcation analysis, show equilibrium becomes unstable when sufficiently strong. determine necessary sufficient conditions onset oscillation. Local analysis indicates key features may suggest critical experiments.We role stage structure strong weak intraspecific competition. stage-structure not for, but enhances, oscillatory behavior. Finally demonstrate complicated interplay between dynamic processes. Our findings indicate classical can fail elucidate complex dynamics.