Trace metal fluxes to ferromanganese nodules from the western Baltic Sea as a record for long-term environmental changes

摘要: Trace element profiles in ferromanganese nodules from the western Baltic Sea were analyzed with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) and synchrotron-based micro-X-ray radiation techniques (fluorescence: mSXRF, diffraction: mXRD) at high spatial resolution growth direction. Of trace elements studied (Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Co, Mo, Ba), Zn showed most significant enrichment, values outermost surface layers of up to six-fold higher than those found older core parts. The high-resolution provide necessary temporal for a dating method analogous dendrochronology. Profiles various samples collected during two decades matched overlapping sections used estimation accretion rates. Assuming continuous these relatively fast growing (on average 20 mm a-1) over last century, enrichment was thus assessed have commenced around 1860/70 Kiel Bight 1880/90 Mecklenburg Bight, reflecting enhanced heavy metal emissions rising industrialization Europe. Apart obvious success Zn, only As Co show but 1.5-fold enrichments recent nodules. Other anthropogenic metals like Cu Cdmore » are not all enriched, which, together distinct early-diagenetic Fe/Mn banding, weakens potential retrospective monitoring.« less