Dispensing errors in Lebanese community pharmacies: incidence, types, underlying causes, and associated factors

摘要: Objectives: To assess the incidence, types, causes of as well factors associated with dispensing errors in community pharmacies Lebanon. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted 286 located all over Lebanon. Data were collected by senior pharmacy students during their experiential learning placement. Collected data included information on types errors, underlying handling approaches, and used strategies for error prevention. analyzed using multiple logistic regression to determine that errors. Results: In twelve thousand eight hundred sixty dispensed medications, there 376 yielding an rate 2.92%. Of these 67.1% (252) corresponded near-miss errors. The most common giving incomplete/incorrect use instructions (40.9% (154)), followed omission warning(s) (23.6% (89)). Work overloads/time pressures, illegible handwriting, distractions/interruptions, similar drug naming/packaging reported 55% (206), 23.13% (87), 15.15 % (57), 7% (26) respectively. Besides, high prescription turnover volume, having one pharmacist working at a time, extended hours, found be independent significantly occurrence (p<0.05). Conclusions: This sheds light need establish national preventing maintain therapy safety, considering identified factors.