Human Amniotic Fluid-Derived and Amniotic Membrane-Derived Stem Cells

摘要: Application of amnion membrane with multiple bioactive biomaterial has over 100 years history. Amnion membrane- and amniotic fluid-derived stem cells mainly included mesenchymal epithelial cells. They have special morphology express some cell markers, different immunophenotype molecules, germ layer original protein markers for identification. membrane-derived may be isolated purified by using two digestive enzymes, adherence time subculture. differentiate into kinds function three layers in vitro vivo. Amniotic not only the power proliferation plasticity feature, but also other functions, such as immunoregulation, angiogenic potential, secretion. seem to play a more effective role neuronal damage. The immunoregulation is emphasized on effects mechanism. transplantation cells, engineered seed generate significant therapeutic actions regeneration tissue or organ injury autoimmune diseases, etc. Although safety effectiveness still need further investigations, membrane, been shown broad application prospect. are considered available sources regenerative treatment. As adult generally derived from mesoderm, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, adipose, amnion, fluid, Wharton’s jelly, mobilizing peripheral blood. multipotent differentiation capacity can differentiated various types, except self-renewal. Many studies demonstrated that identified fluid advantages many reasons, including possibility noninvasive isolation, low immunogenicity, abundant sources, anti-inflammatory non-tumorigenicity properties, minimal ethical problem (Ilancheran et al. Placenta, 30:2–10, 2009; Wolbank Tissue Eng, 13:1173–83, 2007; Ilancheran Biol Reprod, 77:577–588, Eng Part A, 15:1843–1854, Moodley Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 182:643–651, 2010).