Integration of organic animal production into land use with special reference to swine and poultry

摘要: The development in organic livestock production can be attributed to an increased consumer interest products while, at the same time, farmers' converting methods—often stimulated by governmental support or subsidies. It is important that systems fulfil expectations of each these stakeholders if increase further. This particular importance pig and poultry (other than egg) move from present niche-production a significant place food market, as case beef milk. It argued limited pork related fact it far more difficult for farmers change existing compared cattle other ruminants way gives harmonious balance between different aims farming. Conflicts may occur most appropriate rearing practice considerating basic aspects innate behaviour animals on one hand, risk pollution and, addition, aim producing sufficient quantities. These possible conflicts are reflected compromises made national EU regulations farming. In farming, aspect allowing high degree natural is, among others, translated requirement livestock, certain periods their life year, should allowed graze have access outdoor area. common used intensively managed some drawbacks relation environmental impact (risk N-leaching ammonia volatilisation), animal welfare (nose-ringed sows), mortality workload management constraints. From recent experience such systems, there need radical systems. There outdoor/free range (for sake livestock), which constructed exert positive influence parts farming system. evidence pregnant sows nutritional needs large extent grazing, co-grazing with heifers diminish parasite burden heifers, inclination rooting makes ploughing heavy land cultivation less superfluous. As regard poultry, indication quite big flocks efficiently where flock act weeders crops fight pests orchards. elements further explored basis future system development.