Optimizing impact assessment of entomological intervention for malaria control in an operational setting in Zambia

摘要: The study aimed at optimally assessing the impact of indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide treated nets (ITNs) on vector species abundance, their infectivity resistance status, Plasmodium falciparum prevalence, malaria deaths case fatality rates in human population. Malaria prevalence surveys were conducted routine surveillance data was retrospectively analyzed. average P. children between ages 1 14 years below 10% across period. intervention effect more pronounced IRS areas than ITNs localities but with an incremental protective combined use. Age-specific comparison showed better 5 older to old. While number under age five plunged precipitately, reductions significant districts districts. Results indicate need for supplementing parasite survey low transmission intensity demonstrate significance evidence-based age-specific deployment interventions. To monitor abundance infectivity, mosquitoes collected daily using exit window traps. three major vectors; An. gambiae s.s, arabiensis funestus potential vectors malaria, nili, rivulorum funestus-like identified. Overall, biggest abundance. No s.s localities, thus validating fact that are characteristically amenable control by arabiensis. all vectors, as expressed calculated index, zero none trapped tested positive sporozoites. identification necessitate further research determine role country. numbers also a compromise efficiency traps settings, suggesting replacement robust collection tool like CDC light trap. persistence suggests presence segregating this population or, outdoor is not contact or ITNs, it could well imply it’s one perpetuating these meso-to hypo- endemic areas. To interventions status susceptibility assays WHO standard protocol 17 localities. High levels detected both An, s.l pyrethroids DDT 100% malathion bendiocarb. level significantly higher ITN areas. These findings has been selected following extensive control. Resistance deltamethrin intense cotton growing selection due either historical use DDT, gene flow cross-resistance. All molecular s-forms only west (leu-phe) kdr detected. Complete organophosphates carbamates provides possibility switch alternative classes IRS. increases high failure. point information underlying biochemical mechanisms make possible design effective management strategy, assessment interventions. The results can be assessed combination epidemiological (routine data) entomological indicators, context decision support system, enhance policy formulation objective implementation rational available resources.