关键词:
摘要: Ecologists have made substantial progress evaluating the influences of adaptive behaviors on population dynamics and communities. But no-one has examined joint stochastic variation, predators, density-dependent habitat selection our interpretations species coexistence. I begin search with simulation models isodars (lines along which fitness individuals is identical in two or more habitats) assuming ideal-free by prey exploited a habitat-selecting parasitoid ‘predator’. The include both regulating non-regulating stochasticity. intriguing results following: (1) all three often achieved true distribution; (2) predators reduced sizes increased frequency local extinctions; (3) despite predator's differential reduction densities, there was no evidence apparent competition; (4) exhibited pulses dispersal associated donor–receiver dynamics; (5) produced valid estimates competition between only constant environments lacking predators; (6) habitat-selection forced into their preferred habitats; (7) resulting ghost obscured species' competitive interaction; (8) correctly revealed predator. Overall, appeared to depend primarily choice, rather than trade-offs ability value (handling time) Habitat theory, its revelation via isodars, can thus provide considerable insight processes affecting real communities, most especially if ecologists assess carefully constraints for analysis interpretation. Nevertheless, designed measure are likely be reliable donor-controlled experimental systems where stochasticity relatively little influence dynamics.