Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics II: Genetic Determinants of Drug Responses and Adverse Drug Reactions

摘要: The ability to predict efficacy and safety is crucial for drug discovery development. To date, there are only a few genetic biomarkers whose clinical validity in predicting response has been clearly established; example, HER-2/neu-positivity breast cancer as predictor of trastuzumab (Herceptin) [1]. Patient variability medications can range from failure demonstrate an expected therapeutic effect development adverse reaction, resulting significant patient morbidity mortality, well increasing healthcare costs. In order optimize treatment decrease reactions, pharmacogenetics pharmacogenomics being increasingly utilized. Pharmacogenetics the study variation its effects on drugs, vaccines, or other pharmaceutical agents [2]. Pharmacogenomics more broadly involves genome-wide analysis determinants toxicity. Primary candidate genes interest include those encoding receptors, metabolizing enzymes, transporters. However, selection optimal therapy may also involve disease susceptibility indirectly affecting responses [3].