A comparison of the direct and indirect defence abilities of cultivated maize versus perennial and annual teosintes

摘要: The transition from a perennial to an annual life cycle, as well domestication, are expected increase plant growth and reproduction at the same time that anti-herbivore defences reduced. Here, we investigated effects of life-history (the teosinte Zea diploperennis Z. mays ssp. mexicana) domestication (annual modern maize mays) on direct indirect against fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. defence was assessed by larval survival nutritional indices based food intake utilisation. Indirect measured in terms olfactory preference night-active predatory earwig Doru luteipes for nocturnal herbivore-induced volatiles (HIPVs) teosintes maize. Larval were reduced relative Whilst larvae fed had lower indices, those showed utilisation preferred HIPVs emitted over maize, but it did not discriminate between odours herbivore-damaged teosinte. HIPV blend contained lowest total amount fatty acid derivatives, while higher amounts terpenes compared teosintes. Our study shows better defended than defences; however, have stronger