Use and governance of non-wood forest products in transition and market economies

摘要: Globally, forests and woodlands provide a large variety of non-wood forest products (NWFPs) as resource base for regional local development in rural landscapes. The role NWFPs differs time space, is often linked to the socio-economic context. In this thesis I (1) compared how reflected national policies two countries transition with market economies (Ukraine Sweden, respectively), these resources are used by different stakeholders landscape case studies both (Roztochya Smaland, respectively); (2) identified opportunities challenges sustainable use people landscapes where very important livelihoods Ukraine); (3) studied governance emerging Roztochya Biosphere Reserve (BR) aimed at towards sustainability order understand roles rights decision-making process concerning NWFPs. Interviews showed that have free access all types ownership; reasons methods collection amounts harvested users differed much between Ukrainian Swedish studies, traditional practices NWFPs’ utilization were retained revived Ukraine, (4) no longer economically but rather socially Sweden. To study focused on recently established BR study. Finally, discuss economies, respectively, extent which supported policies, tool social learning basis implementation management, including