A perspective on management of Helicoverpa armigera: transgenic Bt cotton, IPM, and landscapes.

摘要: Helicoverpa armigera is a major pest of agriculture, horticulture and floriculture throughout the Old World recently invaded parts New World. We overview evolution in thinking about application area-wide approaches to assist with its control by Australian Cotton Industry highlight important lessons future challenges achieving same An over-reliance broad-spectrum insecticides led spp. cotton rapidly became resistant DDT, synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphates, carbamates endosulfan. Voluntary strategies were developed slow development insecticide resistance, which included rotating chemistries basing spray decisions on thresholds. Despite adoption these practices, resistance continued develop until introduction genetically modified provided platform for augmenting Integrated Pest Management industry. Compliance mandatory management plans Bt necessitated shift from at level individual fields or farms towards coordinated landscape approach. Our take-home message H. that essential crops must be season long effective. i?½ 2016 Society Chemical Industry.