Principles for integrated environmental management of military training areas

摘要: Military Training Areas (MTAs) cover an estimated 200–250 million hectares globally, occur in all major ecosystems, and are potentially significant conservation assets. In some jurisdictions, MTAs may be the largest terrestrial land use category that is owned operated by a sovereign government. Despite this, not recognised as either or environment protection resource. Further, no managed for their environmental values, defined aspects of valued society, nor there any specific MTA management guidance details how both military training values can maintained. We conducted desktop review Australian German documentation to determine whether they contained principles values. Management from these two countries was chosen considered among at forefront globally. Our determined regimes do have This likely case majority globally. For first time, we develop integrate objectives Key achieving this integration understanding intersection impacts on environment, known, potential, particular area. To assist with implementation principles, developed new conceptual framework MTAs. The contains adaptive loops. focuses MTAs, second targets These loops facilitate development practices optimise biodiversity conservation.