Facilitating sustainable geo-resources exploitation: A review of environmental and geological risks of fluid injection into hydrocarbon reservoirs

摘要: Abstract Natural gas is an important low-carbon geo-resource for sustaining future energy demand. However, production currently impeded by the negative effects of reservoir compaction, i.e. induced seismicity and surface subsidence. Fluid injection into producing or depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs one strategies to mitigate though it may introduce other consequences. This study aims identify lessons potential knowledge gaps on causes mechanisms consequences such operations. An overview environmental geological hazards risks developed examining literature four commonly injected fluids, CO2, methane, nitrogen wastewater. The well-recognised are leakage, deformation seismicity, which have several receptors, e.g. atmosphere, sediments water, subsurface resources groundwater. Generally, in defining risk, there a consensus probability occurrence, while lack hazard impacts exists. assessment approaches analysis also indicates that consequence magnitude evaluations comparisons thresholds often missing from risk assessments. For all examined exposure receptor affectability insufficient. Furthermore, complex systems with high uncertainty, more insight multiple occurrence corresponding cumulative needed.