Genetic diversity in Puerto Rico and its implications for the peopling of the Island and the West Indies

摘要: Puerto Rico and the surrounding islands rest on eastern fringe of Caribbean's Greater Antilles, located less than 100 miles northwest Lesser Antilles. Ricans are genetic descendants pre-Columbian peoples, as well peoples European African descent through 500 years migration to island. To infer these patterns historic peopling Caribbean, we characterized diversity in 326 individuals from southeastern region island municipality Vieques. We sequenced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control all samples complete mitogenomes 12 them their putative place origin. In addition, genotyped 121 male for 25 Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism 17 STR loci. Approximately 60% participants had indigenous mtDNA haplotypes (mostly haplogroups A2 C1), while 25% 15% haplotypes. Three sublineages were unique one which was similar Mesoamerican types, C1b showed links South America, suggesting that people reached two distinct continental source areas. However, none Y-chromosomes, with 85% instead being European/Mediterranean sub-Saharan West Eurasian short tandem repeat quite diverse similarities those observed southern Europe, North Africa Middle East. These results attest distinct, yet equally complex, pasts female ancestors modern day Ricans.