Estimating the Structure of Industrial Water Demands: The Case of Canadian Manufacturing

摘要: This study considers water use by Canadian manufacturing firms. The estimation of demands is based on a detailed cross-sectional survey establishment-level observations prices, quantities, and expenditures. Industrial modeled as having four components: intake, treatment prior to use, recirculation, discharge. Average values for the estimated own-price elasticity intake range from -0.1534 -0.5885. Water recirculation found be substitute both confirms that expanding economic incentives (e.g., effluent fees) may effective in encouraging firms reduce their while increasing in-plant recirculation.