Genetics: Decoding a national treasure.

作者: Kim C. Worley , Richard A. Gibbs

DOI: 10.1038/463303A

关键词:

摘要: The giant-panda genome is the first reported de novo assembly of a large mammalian achieved using next-generation sequencing methods. feat reflects trend towards ever-decreasing genome-sequencing costs.

参考文章(11)
University of Utah Weiss Robert B. 14 Dunn Diane M. 14, NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, NHGRI Green Eric D. 15 Blakesley Robert W. 15 Bouffard Gerard G. 15, Pieter J de Jong, Kazutoyo Osoegawa, Baoli Zhu, Marco Marra, Jacqueline Schein, Ian Bosdet, Chris Fjell, Steven Jones, Martin Krzywinski, Carrie Mathewson, Asim Siddiqui, Natasja Wye, Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine McPherson John 1 17, Shaying Zhao, Claire M Fraser, Jyoti Shetty, Sofiya Shatsman, Keita Geer, Yixin Chen, Sofyia Abramzon, William C Nierman, Richard A Gibbs, George M Weinstock, Paul H Havlak, Rui Chen, K James Durbin, Rain Simons, Yanru Ren, Xing-Zhi Song, Bingshan Li, Yue Liu, Xiang Qin, Simon Cawley, Case Western Reserve University Bailey Jeffrey A. 4 Eichler Evan E. 4 Tuzun Eray 4, EBI, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Birney Ewan 21 Mongin Emmanuel 21 Ureta-Vidal Abel 21 Woodwark Cara 21, EMBL, Heidelberg Zdobnov Evgeny 22 Bork Peer 22 23 Suyama Mikita 22 Torrents David 22, Fraunhofer-Chalmers Research Centre for Industrial Mathematics, Gothenburg Alexandersson Marina 24, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Trask Barbara J. 25 Young Janet M. 25, Genome Therapeutics Smith Douglas 12 13 Huang Hui 12 Fechtel Kim 12 Wang Huajun 12 Xing Heming 12 Weinstock Keith 12, Incyte Corporation Daniels Sue 26 Gietzen Darryl 26 Schmidt Jeanette 26 Stevens Kristian 26 Vitt Ursula 26 Wingrove Jim 26, Institut Municipal d'Investigacio Medica, Barcelona> Camara Francisco 27 Mar Albà M. 27 Abril Josep F. 27 Guigo Roderic 27, Institute for Systems Biology Smit Arian 28, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Dubchak Inna 29 30 Rubin Edward M. 29 30 Couronne Olivier 29 30 Poliakov Alexander 29, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Hübner Norbert 23 Ganten Detlev 23 Goesele Claudia 23 31 Hummel Oliver 23 31 Kreitler Thomas 23 31 Lee Young-Ae 23 Monti Jan 23 Schulz Herbert 23 Zimdahl Heike 23, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin Himmelbauer Heinz 31 Lehrach Hans 31, Medical College of Wisconsin Jacob (Principal Investigator) Howard J. 32 Bromberg Susan 33 Gullings-Handley Jo 32 Jensen-Seaman Michael I. 32 Kwitek Anne E. 32 Lazar Jozef 32 Pasko Dean 33 Tonellato Peter J. 32 Twigger Simon 32, MRC Functional Genetics Unit, University of Oxford Ponting Chris P. 34 Duarte Jose M. 34 Rice Stephen 34 Goodstadt Leo 34 Beatson Scott A. 34 Emes Richard D. 34 Winter Eitan E. 34 Webber Caleb 34, MWG-Biotech Brandt Petra 35 Nyakatura Gerald 35, Roche Genetics and Roche Center for Medical Genomics Lindpaintner Klaus 37, Sanger Institute Andrews T. Dan 38 Caccamo Mario 38 Clamp Michele 38 Clarke Laura 38 Curwen Valerie 38 Durbin Richard 38 Eyras Eduardo 38 Searle Stephen M. 38, Stanford University Cooper Gregory M. 39 Batzoglou Serafim 40 Brudno Michael 40 Sidow Arend 39 Stone Eric A. 39, Center for the Advancement of Genomics Craig Venter J. 3 8, University of Arizona Payseur Bret A. 41, Université de Montréal Bourque Guillaume 42, Universidad de Oviedo López-Otín Carlos 43 Puente Xose S. 43, University of California, Berkeley Chakrabarti Kushal 44 Chatterji Sourav 44 Dewey Colin 44 Pachter Lior 45 Bray Nicolas 45 Yap Von Bing 45 Caspi Anat 46, University of California, San Diego Tesler Glenn 47 Pevzner Pavel A. 48, University of California, Santa Cruz Haussler David 49 Roskin Krishna M. 50 Baertsch Robert 50 Clawson Hiram 50 Furey Terrence S. 50 Hinrichs Angie S. 50 Karolchik Donna 50 Kent William J. 50 Rosenbloom Kate R. 50 Trumbower Heather 50 Weirauch Matt 36 50, University of Wales College of Medicine Cooper David N. 51 Stenson Peter D. 51, University of Western Ontario Ma Bin 52, Washington University Brent Michael 53 Arumugam Manimozhiyan 53 Shteynberg David 53, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford Copley Richard R. 54 Taylor Martin S. 54, Wistar Institute Riethman Harold 55 Mudunuri Uma 55, Jane Peterson, Mark Guyer, Adam Felsenfeld, Susan Old, Stephen Mockrin, Francis Collins, None, Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution Nature. ,vol. 428, pp. 493- 521 ,(2004) , 10.1038/NATURE02426
Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Claire M Wade, Tarjei S Mikkelsen, Elinor K Karlsson, David B Jaffe, Michael Kamal, Michele Clamp, Jean L Chang, Edward J Kulbokas III, Michael C Zody, Evan Mauceli, Xiaohui Xie, Matthew Breen, Robert K Wayne, Elaine A Ostrander, Chris P Ponting, Francis Galibert, Douglas R Smith, Pieter J DeJong, Ewen Kirkness, Pablo Alvarez, Tara Biagi, William Brockman, Jonathan Butler, Chee-Wye Chin, April Cook, James Cuff, Mark J Daly, David DeCaprio, Sante Gnerre, Manfred Grabherr, Manolis Kellis, Michael Kleber, Carolyne Bardeleben, Leo Goodstadt, Andreas Heger, Christophe Hitte, Lisa Kim, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Heidi G Parker, John P Pollinger, Stephen MJ Searle, Nathan B Sutter, Rachael Thomas, Caleb Webber, Eric S Lander, None, Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog Nature. ,vol. 438, pp. 803- 819 ,(2005) , 10.1038/NATURE04338
Deanna M Church, Leo Goodstadt, LaDeana W Hillier, Michael C Zody, Steve Goldstein, Xinwe She, Carol J Bult, Richa Agarwala, Joshua L Cherry, Michael DiCuccio, Wratko Hlavina, Yuri Kapustin, Peter Meric, Donna Maglott, Zoë Birtle, Ana C Marques, Tina Graves, Shiguo Zhou, Brian Teague, Konstantinos Potamousis, Christopher Churas, Michael Place, Jill Herschleb, Ron Runnheim, Daniel Forrest, James Amos-Landgraf, David C Schwartz, Ze Cheng, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Evan E Eichler, Chris P Ponting, Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium, None, Lineage-Specific Biology Revealed by a Finished Genome Assembly of the Mouse PLoS Biology. ,vol. 7, pp. e1000112- ,(2009) , 10.1371/JOURNAL.PBIO.1000112
Richard A Gibbs, Jeffrey Rogers, Michael G Katze, Roger Bumgarner, George M Weinstock, Elaine R Mardis, Karin A Remington, Robert L Strausberg, J Craig Venter, Richard K Wilson, Mark A Batzer, Carlos D Bustamante, Evan E Eichler, Matthew W Hahn, Ross C Hardison, Kateryna D Makova, Webb Miller, Aleksandar Milosavljevic, Robert E Palermo, Adam Siepel, James M Sikela, Tony Attaway, Stephanie Bell, Kelly E Bernard, Christian J Buhay, Mimi N Chandrabose, Marvin Dao, Clay Davis, Kimberly D Delehaunty, Yan Ding, Huyen H Dinh, Shannon Dugan-Rocha, Lucinda A Fulton, Ramatu Ayiesha Gabisi, Toni T Garner, Jennifer Godfrey, Alicia C Hawes, Judith Hernandez, Sandra Hines, Michael Holder, Jennifer Hume, Shalini N Jhangiani, Vandita Joshi, Ziad Mohid Khan, Ewen F Kirkness, Andrew Cree, R Gerald Fowler, Sandra Lee, Lora R Lewis, Zhangwan Li, Yih-shin Liu, Stephanie M Moore, Donna Muzny, Lynne V Nazareth, Dinh Ngoc Ngo, Geoffrey O Okwuonu, Grace Pai, David Parker, Heidie A Paul, Cynthia Pfannkoch, Craig S Pohl, Yu-Hui Rogers, San Juana Ruiz, Aniko Sabo, Jireh Santibanez, Brian W Schneider, Scott M Smith, Erica Sodergren, Amanda F Svatek, Teresa R Utterback, Selina Vattathil, Wesley Warren, Courtney Sherell White, Asif T Chinwalla, Yucheng Feng, Aaron L Halpern, LaDeana W Hillier, Xiaoqiu Huang, Pat Minx, Joanne O Nelson, Kymberlie H Pepin, Xiang Qin, Granger G Sutton, Eli Venter, Brian P Walenz, John W Wallis, Kim C Worley, Shiaw-Pyng Yang, Steven M Jones, Marco A Marra, Mariano Rocchi, Jacqueline E Schein, Robert Baertsch, Laura Clarke, Miklós Csürös, Jarret Glasscock, R Alan Harris, Paul Havlak, Andrew R Jackson, Huaiyang Jiang, Yue Liu, David N Messina, Yufeng Shen, Henry Xing-Zhi Song, Todd Wylie, Lan Zhang, Ewan Birney, Kyudong Han, Miriam K Konkel, Jungnam Lee, Arian FA Smit, Brygg Ullmer, Hui Wang, Jinchuan Xing, Richard Burhans, Ze Cheng, John E Karro, Jian Ma, Brian Raney, Xinwei She, Michael J Cox, Jeffery P Demuth, Laura J Dumas, Sang-Gook Han, Janet Hopkins, Anis Karimpour-Fard, Young H Kim, Jonathan R Pollack, Tomas Vinar, Charles Addo-Quaye, Jeremiah Degenhardt, Alexandra Denby, Melissa J Hubisz, Amit Indap, Carolin Kosiol, Bruce T Lahn, Heather A Lawson, Alison Marklein, Rasmus Nielsen, Eric J Vallender, Andrew G Clark, Betsy Ferguson, Ryan D Hernandez, Kashif Hirani, Hildegard Kehrer-Sawatzki, Jessica Kolb, Shobha Patil, Ling-Ling Pu, Yanru Ren, David Glenn Smith, None, Evolutionary and biomedical insights from the rhesus macaque genome Science. ,vol. 316, pp. 222- 234 ,(2007) , 10.1126/SCIENCE.1139247
F. Sanger, S. Nicklen, A. R. Coulson, DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ,vol. 74, pp. 5463- 5467 ,(1977) , 10.1073/PNAS.74.12.5463
European Bioinformatics Institute: Birney Ewan 3 Goldman Nick 3 Kasprzyk Arkadiusz 3 Mongin Emmanuel 3 Rust Alistair G. 3 Slater Guy 3 Stabenau Arne 3 Ureta-Vidal Abel 3 Whelan Simon 3, Research Group in Biomedical Informatics Abril Josep F. 5 Guigó Roderic 5 Parra Genís 5, Bioinformatics Agarwal Pankaj 6, National Center for Biotechnology Information Agarwala Richa 7 Church Deanna M. 7 Hlavina Wratko 7 Maglott Donna R. 7 Sapojnikov Victor 7, Department of Mathematics Alexandersson Marina 8 Pachter Lior 8, Division of Medical Genetics Antonarakis Stylianos E. 9 Dermitzakis Emmanouil T. 9 Reymond Alexandre 9 Ucla Catherine 9, Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering Baertsch Robert 10 Diekhans Mark 10 Furey Terrence S. 10 Hinrichs Angela 10 Hsu Fan 10 Karolchik Donna 10 Kent W. James 10 Roskin Krishna M. 10 Schwartz Matthias S. 10 Sugnet Charles 10 Weber Ryan J. 10, EMBL Bork Peer 11 Letunic Ivica 11 Suyama Mikita 11 Torrents David 11 Zdobnov Evgeny M. 11, UK MRC Mouse Sequencing Consortium Botcherby Marc 12 Brown Stephen D. 12 Campbell Robert D. 12 Jackson Ian 12, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Bray Nicolas 13 Couronne Olivier 13 Dubchak Inna 13 Poliakov Alex 13 Rubin Edward M. 13, Department of Computer Science Brent Michael R. 14 Flicek Paul 14 Keibler Evan 14 Korf Ian 14, School of Computer Science Batalov S. 15, Jackson Laboratory Bult Carol 16 Frankel Wayne N. 16, Laboratory for Genome Exploration Carninci Piero 17 Hayashizaki Yoshihide 17 Kawai Jun 17 Okazaki Yasushi 17, Affymetrix Inc. Cawley Simon 18 Kulp David 18 Wheeler Raymond 18, Departments of Statistics and Health Evaluation Sciences Chiaromonte Francesca 19, National Human Genome Research Institute Collins Francis S. 20 Felsenfeld Adam 20 Guyer Mark 20 Peterson Jane 20 Wetterstrand Kris 20, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics Copley Richard R. 21 Mott Richard 21, Department of Electrical Engineering Dewey Colin 22, Department of Human Anatomy and Genetics Dickens Nicholas J. 23 Emes Richard D. 23 Goodstadt Leo 23 Ponting Chris P. 23 Winter Eitan 23, Department of Human Genetics Dunn Diane M. 24 von Niederhausern Andrew C. 24 Weiss Robert B. 24, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Genetics Eddy Sean R. 25 Johnson L. Steven 25 Jones Thomas A. 25, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Computer Science and Engineering Elnitski Laura 26 Kolbe Diana L. 26, Department of Computer Science and Engineering Eswara Pallavi 27 Miller Webb 27 O'Connor Michael J. 27 Schwartz Scott 27, Baylor College of Medicine Gibbs Richard A. 28 Muzny Donna M. 28, Institute for Systems Biology Glusman Gustavo 29 Smit Arian 29, National Human Genome Research Institute Green Eric D. 30, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Hardison Ross C. 31 Yang Shan 31, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Haussler David 32, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Hua Axin 33 Roe Bruce A. 33, Departments of Genetics and Medicine and Harvard-Partners Center for Genetics and Genomics Kucherlapati Raju S. 34 Montgomery Kate T. 34, Department of Statistics Li Jia 35, Department of Computer Science Li Ming 36, US DOE Joint Genome Institute Lucas Susan 37, Department of Computer Science Ma Bin 38, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory McCombie W. Richard 39, Wellcome Trust Morgan Michael 40, Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pevzner Pavel 41 Tesler Glenn 41, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics Schultz Jörg 42, Genome Therapeutics Corporation Smith Douglas R. 43, Bioinformatics Solutions Inc. Tromp John 44, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Worley Kim C. 45, Department of Biology Lander Eric S. lander@ genome. wi. mit. edu 2 46 b, None, Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome. Nature. ,vol. 420, pp. 520- 562 ,(2002) , 10.1038/NATURE01262
Sequencing Bovine Genome, CG Elsik, RL Tellam, KC Worley, RA Gibbs, DM Muzny, GM Weinstock, DL Adelson, EE Eichler, L Elnitski, R GuigÃ, DL Hamernik, SM Kappes, HA Lewin, DJ Lynn, FW Nicholas, A Reymond, M Rijnkels, LC Skow, EM Zdobnov, L Schook, J Womack, T Alioto, SE Antonarakis, A Astashyn, CE Chapple, HC Chen, J Chrast, O Ermolaeva, CN Henrichsen, W Hlavina, Y Kapustin, B Kiryutin, P Kitts, F Kokocinski, M Landrum, D Maglott, K Pruitt, V Sapojnikov, SM Searle, V Solovyev, A Souvorov, C Ucla, C Wyss, JM Anzola, D Gerlach, E Elhaik, D Graur, JT Reese, RC Edgar, JC McEwan, GM Payne, JM Raison, T Junier, EV Kriventseva, E Eyras, M Plass, R Donthu, DM Larkin, J Reecy, MQ Yang, L Chen, Z Cheng, CG Chitko-McKown, GE Liu, LK Matukumalli, J Song, B Zhu, DG Bradley, FS Brinkman, LP Lau, MD Whiteside, A Walker, TT Wheeler, T Casey, JB German, DG Lemay, NJ Maqbool, AJ Molenaar, S Seo, P Stothard, CL Baldwin, R Baxter, CL Brinkmeyer-Langford, WC Brown, CP Childers, T Connelley, SA Ellis, K Fritz, EJ Glass, CT Herzig, A Iivanainen, KK Lahmers, AK Bennett, CM Dickens, JG Gilbert, DE Hagen, H Salih, J Aerts, AR Caetano, B Dalrymple, JF Garcia, CA Gill, SG Hiendleder, E Memili, D Spurlock, JL Williams, L Alexander, MJ Brownstein, L Guan, RA Holt, SJ Jones, MA Marra, R Moore, SS Moore, A Roberts, M Taniguchi, RC Waterman, J Chacko, MM Chandrabose, A Cree, MD Dao, HH Dinh, RA Gabisi, S Hines, J Hume, SN Jhangiani, V Joshi, CL Kovar, LR Lewis, YS Liu, J Lopez, MB Morgan, NB Nguyen, GO Okwuonu, SJ Ruiz, J Santibanez, RA Wright, C Buhay, Y Ding, S Dugan-Rocha, J Herdandez, M Holder, A Sabo, A Egan, J Goodell, K Wilczek-Boney, GR Fowler, ME Hitchens, RJ Lozado, None, The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle: A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution Science. ,vol. 324, pp. 522- 528 ,(2009) , 10.1126/SCIENCE.1169588
T. J. Nicholas, Z. Cheng, M. Ventura, K. Mealey, E. E. Eichler, J. M. Akey, The genomic architecture of segmental duplications and associated copy number variants in dogs Genome Research. ,vol. 19, pp. 491- 499 ,(2008) , 10.1101/GR.084715.108
Ruiqiang Li, Wei Fan, Geng Tian, Hongmei Zhu, Lin He, Jing Cai, Quanfei Huang, Qingle Cai, Bo Li, Yinqi Bai, Zhihe Zhang, Yaping Zhang, Wen Wang, Jun Li, Fuwen Wei, Heng Li, Min Jian, Jianwen Li, Zhaolei Zhang, Rasmus Nielsen, Dawei Li, Wanjun Gu, Zhentao Yang, Zhaoling Xuan, Oliver A Ryder, Frederick Chi-Ching Leung, Yan Zhou, Jianjun Cao, Xiao Sun, Yonggui Fu, Xiaodong Fang, Xiaosen Guo, Bo Wang, Rong Hou, Fujun Shen, Bo Mu, Peixiang Ni, Runmao Lin, Wubin Qian, Guodong Wang, Chang Yu, Wenhui Nie, Jinhuan Wang, Zhigang Wu, Huiqing Liang, Jiumeng Min, Qi Wu, Shifeng Cheng, Jue Ruan, Mingwei Wang, Zhongbin Shi, Ming Wen, Binghang Liu, Xiaoli Ren, Huisong Zheng, Dong Dong, Kathleen Cook, Gao Shan, Hao Zhang, Carolin Kosiol, Xueying Xie, Zuhong Lu, Hancheng Zheng, Yingrui Li, Cynthia C Steiner, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam, Siyuan Lin, Qinghui Zhang, Guoqing Li, Jing Tian, Timing Gong, Hongde Liu, Dejin Zhang, Lin Fang, Chen Ye, Juanbin Zhang, Wenbo Hu, Anlong Xu, Yuanyuan Ren, Guojie Zhang, Michael W Bruford, Qibin Li, Lijia Ma, Yiran Guo, Na An, Yujie Hu, Yang Zheng, Yongyong Shi, Zhiqiang Li, Qing Liu, Yanling Chen, Jing Zhao, Ning Qu, Shancen Zhao, Feng Tian, Xiaoling Wang, Haiyin Wang, Lizhi Xu, Xiao Liu, Tomas Vinar, Yajun Wang, Tak-Wah Lam, Siu-Ming Yiu, Shiping Liu, Hemin Zhang, Desheng Li, Yan Huang, Xia Wang, Guohua Yang, Zhi Jiang, Junyi Wang, Nan Qin, Li Li, Jingxiang Li, Lars Bolund, Karsten Kristiansen, Gane Ka-Shu Wong, Maynard Olson, Xiuqing Zhang, Songgang Li, Huanming Yang, Jian Wang, Jun Wang, None, The sequence and de novo assembly of the giant panda genome Nature. ,vol. 463, pp. 311- 317 ,(2010) , 10.1038/NATURE08696
US DOE Joint Genome Institute: Hawkins Trevor 4 Branscomb Elbert 4 Predki Paul 4 Richardson Paul 4 Wenning Sarah 4 Slezak Tom 4 Doggett Norman 4 Cheng Jan-Fang 4 Olsen Anne 4 Lucas Susan 4 Elkin Christopher 4 Uberbacher Edward 4 Frazier Marvin 4, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center: Sakaki Yoshiyuki 9 Fujiyama Asao 9 Hattori Masahira 9 Yada Tetsushi 9 Toyoda Atsushi 9 Itoh Takehiko 9 Kawagoe Chiharu 9 Watanabe Hidemi 9 Totoki Yasushi 9 Taylor Todd 9, Genoscope and CNRS UMR-8030: Weissenbach Jean 10 Heilig Roland 10 Saurin William 10 Artiguenave Francois 10 Brottier Philippe 10 Bruls Thomas 10 Pelletier Eric 10 Robert Catherine 10 Wincker Patrick 10, Department of Genome Analysis, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology: Rosenthal André 12 Platzer Matthias 12 Nyakatura Gerald 12 Taudien Stefan 12 Rump Andreas 12, GTC Sequencing Center: Smith Douglas R. 11 Doucette-Stamm Lynn 11 Rubenfield Marc 11 Weinstock Keith 11 Lee Hong Mei 11 Dubois JoAnn 11, Beijing Genomics Institute/Human Genome Center: Yang Huanming 13 Yu Jun 13 Wang Jian 13 Huang Guyang 14 Gu Jun 15, Multimegabase Sequencing Center, The Institute for Systems Biology: Hood Leroy 16 Rowen Lee 16 Madan Anup 16 Qin Shizen 16, Stanford Genome Technology Center: Davis Ronald W. 17 Federspiel Nancy A. 17 Abola A. Pia 17 Proctor Michael J. 17, University of Oklahoma's Advanced Center for Genome Technology: Roe Bruce A. 22 Chen Feng 22 Pan Huaqin 22, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics: Ramser Juliane 23 Lehrach Hans 23 Reinhardt Richard 23, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Lita Annenberg Hazen Genome Center: McCombie W. Richard 24 de la Bastide Melissa 24 Dedhia Neilay 24, GBF—German Research Centre for Biotechnology: Blöcker Helmut 25 Hornischer Klaus 25 Nordsiek Gabriele 25, Scientific management: National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health: Collins Francis fc23a@ nih. gov 46 b Guyer Mark S. 46 Peterson Jane 46 Felsenfeld Adam 46 Wetterstrand Kris A. 46, Stanford Human Genome Center: Myers Richard M. 18 Schmutz Jeremy 18 Dickson Mark 18 Grimwood Jane 18 Cox David R. 18, University of Washington Genome Center: Olson Maynard V. 19 Kaul Rajinder 19 Raymond Christopher 19, Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine: Shimizu Nobuyoshi 20 Kawasaki Kazuhiko 20 Minoshima Shinsei 20, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas: Evans Glen A. 21 49 50 49 Athanasiou Maria 21 Schultz Roger 21, Office of Science, US Department of Energy: Patrinos Aristides 47, Wellcome Trust: Morgan Michael J. 48, None, Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature. ,vol. 409, pp. 860- 921 ,(2001) , 10.1038/35057062