Spatio-temporal analysis of the relationship between 2D/3D urban site characteristics and land surface temperature

摘要: Abstract This paper focuses on the relationship between remotely-sensed urban site characteristics (USCs) and land surface temperature (LST). Particular emphasis is put an extensive comparison of two-dimensional (2D) three-dimensional (3D) USCs as potential indicators heat island (UHI) effect predictors for thermal sharpening applications. Both widely-used well more recently proposed metrics remote sensing literature are investigated within a single experiment. While some these have already been used earlier, others never analyzed before in context studies. In addition to 2D 3D USCs, spatio-temporal dependencies their relation LST examined. To this end, experimental setup work includes two study areas, 26 16 scenes covering four seasons. Use made comprehensive database compiled cities Berlin Cologne, Germany. After data preparation, very high resolution (VHR) multi-spectral height employed map fine-scale cover (LC). The resulting LC maps then conjunction with information compute USCs. Subsequently, multi-temporal images retrieved from Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) scenes. investigation USC–LST connection constitutes final stage workflow achieved framework dedicated correlation analysis. results highlight that linkage sensed at small scan angles not stronger when parameters considered. Even though they may offer holistic representations landscape, consistently outperformed by most metrics. analysis spatial reveals interplay does only differ between, but also test sites. due distinct geographies, form compactness, green spaces street trees, structural composition elements being determining factors. examination temporal yielded association fairly stable over time can be subject larger inter- intra-season variations different reasons, including season acquisition, vegetation phenology, meteorological conditions. Since previous research was based area, limited number (mainly 2D) and/or few acquired specific seasons, it concluded findings provide researchers practitioners complete picture relationship.