Formulation of Oceanic General Circulation Models

摘要: Models of the oceanic general circulation are currently in a phase rapid development and expanding utilization. This chapter provides an overview formulation models (OGCMs). OGCMs numerical that include all major influences on circulation, constrained by limitations model available computing power. have wind, heat, water forcing; geographically correct domain geometry; equation state for seawater—all with their inescapable approximations. The primary challenges to extend refine modeling choices expand observational system reduce empirical uncertainties testing models. goal is achieve useful degree consistency between OGCM solution behaviors nature. used explore hypothetical realities, such as ocean ancient earth epocs, consequences deliberate biological fertilization oceans, or future climates under alternative planetary management strategies.