Hyposalinity and incremental micro-zooplankton supply in early-developed Nemopilema nomurai polyp survival, growth, and podocyst reproduction

摘要: Early-developed polyps of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai that are sexually produced during rainy season form principal recruitment for benthic population stages, regulating mass outbreaks medusae occur in east Asian marginal seas. Their survival, development and subsequent asexual reproduction likely facilitated by hyposaline seawater potentially enhanced micro-zooplankton around estuaries comprise major nurseries medusae. In this study, 8-tentacled developed from planulae were incubated at 11 salinities low to high (8, 11, 13, 15, 18, 20, 23, 25, 28, 31, 33) with 3 feeding frequencies (once every d, once 9 unfed; Brachionus plicatilis concentration: 0.16 mg C l(-1)) a constant temperature (19 degrees C). Survival rate early-developed increased 3-fold > 80% greater than 25 33. The composition fully polyps, somatic growth, podocyst diameter positively depended on food supply, except salinity 8. potential production polyp colonization reached normal peak 20 group was fed d. Excystments significantly restricted < 20. These findings confirm estuarine areas appropriate N. colonization, where prospectively increasing supply rooted frequent eutrophication may benefit polyps. An strategy also corresponded autumn fluctuations. intensity diluted water monsoonal rainfall, as well plankton fundamentally affect abundance size, determining size following spring.