Height-diameter models for maritime pine in Portugal: a comparison of basic, generalized and mixed-effects models

摘要: Abstract: Tree height is a key variable in forest monitoring studies and for management. However, tree measurement time consuming, the recommended procedure to use estimates from height-diameter models. Here, we compare model forms approaches predicting (h) as function of diameter at breast (d) additional stand level covariates. Four were evaluated: (i) basic models (which only used d predictor variable); (ii) generalized stand-level variables); (iii) mixed-effects based on best model; (iv) model. Several alternatives aimed minimizing effort tested terms accuracy applicability. From practical point view, selected estimating maritime pine Portugal. The results also show that calibrated mixed provides more accurate than locally fitted when number h-d observations limited.