Empire Forestry and the Origins of Environmentalism: Environmental innovation in British India

摘要: The creation of the Indian Forest Department Two years after Charter came Mutiny, which burst over colonial India in May 1857 and proved catalyst for both greater deforestation a militant environmental response. Dalhousie had left with fair prospects colony, declaring that been “in peace without within” “no quarter from formidable war could reasonably be expected at present.” Then quite unexpectedly soldiers rebelled bullets greased animal fat. In colossal effort to put mutiny down, British found themselves faced dearth rapid communication – roads, railways, canals. After rebellion, railway construction became priority Lord Canning, who succeeded as governor-general 1856. At time beginnings forestry undertaken Bombay, Madras, Burma, Dietrich Brandis setting up scientific forest administration under authority charter. Also notable having formed new departments were Punjab, Oudh, Bengal, Assam. But when East Company its revoked double government crown company ended, far more centralized regime emerged, profound implications environment. 1864 appointed first inspector general. Concurrently he also established an organized state department umbrella exchequer.