Native, alien, endemic, threatened, and extinct species diversity in European countries

摘要: Abstract While species diversity patterns at large scales (continental to global) have been increasingly studied recently for a few well-known taxa, only studies included less groups, and analysed congruence between taxa. By using data from nine taxonomic groups (vascular plants, bryophytes, mammals, birds, reptiles, freshwater fish, amphibians, butterflies, dragonflies) 38 European countries Israel, we the of five subsets (numbers native, endemic, threatened, extinct, alien species) their cross-taxon congruency. Native numbers, particularly, endemic numbers are highest in south (Spain, Italy, Greece). The being currently nationally threatened located industrialized Central countries, whereas extinct found Luxembourg, Belgium. Established western (south)western (United Kingdom, Spain, France). Across all average proportion total native is 3%, it 27%, 2%, established make up on 11% numbers. Highest proportions were grasshoppers, amphibians dragonflies, dragonflies mammals amphibians. Pairwise correlations pronounced species, much weaker Species-area relationships significant but relatively weak not other subsets. This study provides an important baseline assessment better understanding patterns. Future research avenues should aim identifying causal relationships, test effects scale, life history ecology different Such extended analysis include historical effects, i.e. regional differences rates speciation, dispersal extinction also short-term fluctuations human impact diversity, which notoriously difficult quantify, frequently shape current