Toxic Agents: Drug Overdose, Poisons, Contrast Media

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the use of diuretics in management life-threatening poisonings, drug overdoses, and radiocontrast agent-induced disease. These problems occur relatively frequently continue to be major challenges for clinicians. Radiocontrast-induced acute renal failure may a hospital setting, especially an age more aggressive interventional radiological techniques. The examines specific role therapy medical conditions caused by these toxic agents. first line treatment poisons overdoses taken mouth is attempt prevent absorption agents from gastrointestinal tract. Once intestinal has occurred, detoxification, blockade effects, elimination metabolism or excretion, can considered as second defense. Thus, absorbed agent blood will traverse kidney very frequently. Substances removed plasma two mechanisms: filtration secretion. depends rate glomerular filtration, degree protein binding, its size filterability. proximal tubule capacity actively secrete large number drugs. In general, secreted drugs are either organic anions (thiazides, loop diuretics, most penicillins, cephalosporins) cations (amiloride, triamterene, cimetidine, trimethoprim). nonspecific nature secretory pathways permits mechanisms play excretion variety hydrophilic drugs, poisons, chemicals.