Urban driven phenotypic changes: empirical observations and theoretical implications for eco-evolutionary feedback.

摘要: Emerging evidence that cities drive micro-evolution raises the question of whether rapid urbanization Earth might impact ecosystems by causing systemic changes in functional traits regulate urban ecosystems' productivity and stability. Intraspecific trait variation-variation organisms' morphological, physiological or behavioural characteristics stemming from genetic variability phenotypic plasticity-has significant implications for ecological functions such as nutrient cycling primary productivity. While it is well established conditions can evolutionary change species' that, turn, alter ecosystem function, an understanding reciprocal simultaneous processes associated with interactions only beginning to emerge. In settings, potential may be exacerbated multiple selection pressures operating simultaneously. This paper reviews on mechanisms linking development patterns changes, differentiates which there versus represent plasticity. Studying how humans mediate through could shed light fundamental concepts theory. It also contribute our eco-evolutionary feedback provide insights maintaining function over long term.This article part themed issue 'Human influences evolution, societal consequences'.