Molecular Evidence for an Old World Origin of Galapagos and Caribbean Band-Winged Grasshoppers (Acrididae: Oedipodinae: Sphingonotus)

摘要: Patterns of colonization and diversification on islands provide valuable insights into evolutionary processes. Due to their unique geographic position well known history, the Galapagos Islands are an important model system for studies. Here we investigate history a winged grasshopper genus infer its origin pattern in archipelago. The Sphingonotus has radiated extensively Palaearctic many species endemic islands. In New World, is largely replaced by Trimerotropis. Oddly, Caribbean archipelago, two found, which led suggestion that these might be result anthropogenic translocations from Europe. Here, test this hypothesis using mitochondrial nuclear DNA sequences broad sample Sphingonotini Trimerotropini Old World World. genetic data show distinct clusters representing Sphingonotini. However, split basally within lineage. appear related taxa, but not recent as revealed divergence time estimates. Distinct lineages occur four investigated Islands, with deep splits among them compared relatives Palaearctic. A scenario past wider distribution subsequent extinction mainland replacement Trimerotropis explain disjunct distribution.