Seed Pretreatment for Increased Hydrogen Production Using Mixed-Culture Systems with Advantages over Pure-Culture Systems

摘要: Hydrogen is an important source of energy and considered as the future carrier post-petroleum era. Nowadays hydrogen production through various methods being explored developed to minimize costs. Biological has remained attractive option, highly economical despite low yields. The mixed-culture systems use undefined microbial consortia unlike pure-cultures that defined species for production. This review summarizes system pretreatments such heat, chemical (acid, alkali), microwave, ultrasound, aeration, electric current, amongst others, their combinations improve literature representation in follows: 45–50% heat-treatment, 15–20% chemical, 5–10% 10–15% combined other treatment. In comparison pure-culture offers several advantages, technical feasibility, minimum inoculum steps, media supplements, ease operation, fact it works on a wide spectrum low-cost easily available organic wastes valorization pure-culture, can eliminate sterilization (4 h), incubation step (18–36 supplements cost ($4–6 bioconversion 1 kg crude glycerol (CG)) around 10–15 Millijoule (MJ) be decreased single run.