Rapid adaptive radiation and host plant conservation in the Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

摘要: Abstract The Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila are a striking example of adaptive radiation in specialist saprophages on an island system. We use DNA sequences from five nuclear genes with total 4260 nucleotides to provide comprehensive phylogeny and biogeographic analysis 90 species the clade. current indicates that evolution clade took place more recently than previously suggested. relationships several morphologically anomalous taxa resolved strong support. Biogeography host plant analyses show two periods rapid divergence occurred when Kauai Oahu were main high islands, indicating combination complex topographical features islands development novel associations was key diversification these lineages. For past 2 million years, within lineages have been largely stable, speciation has primarily due establishment populations newer as they arose followed by isolation. existence apparently relictual suggests extinction also played major role assembly present fauna.