Ether polar lipids of methanogenic bacteria: structures, comparative aspects, and biosyntheses.

摘要: Complete structures of nearly 40 ether polar lipids from seven species methanogens have been elucidated during the past 10 years. Three kinds variations core lipids, macrocyclic archaeol and two hydroxyarchaeols, were identified, in addition to usual caldarchaeol (for nomenclature archaeal [archaebacterial] see text). Polar head groups methanogen phospholipids include ethanolamine, serine, inositol, N-acetylglucosamine, dimethyl- trimethylaminopentanetetrol, glucosaminylinositol. Glucose is sole hexose moiety glycolipids most methanogens, galactose mannose found a few species. Methanogen are characterized by their diversity phosphate-containing which turn can be used for chemotaxonomy methanogens. This was shown preliminary simplified analyses lipid component residues. Core analysis high-pressure liquid chromatography provides method determining methanogenic biomass natural samples. There has significant progress biosynthetic studies recent In vivo incorporation experiments led delineation outline synthetic route diphytanylglycerol core. The mechanisms biosynthesis tetraether various cell-free systems either synthesis, however, remain elucidated. significance origin discussed terms composition bacteria living wide variety environments, oxygen requirement hydrocarbon chains, physicochemical properties functions as membrane constituents.