The performance of the des sensor for estimating soil bulk density under the effect of different agronomic practices

摘要: The estimation of soil wet bulk density (ρn) and dry (ρb) using the novel digital electromechanical system (DES) has provided information about important parameters for assessment quality health with a direct application agronomists. evaluation DES performance is particularly appropriate different tillage methods, mulching systems, fertilizers used to increase fertility productivity, but currently, there lack information, in arid areas underdeveloped countries. Therefore, main aim this study was evaluate density, (ρb), under treatments according variations thermal efficiencies (ηth), microwave penetration depths (MDP), specific energy consumption (Qcon) an experimental area close Baghdad (Iraq). design consisted 72 plots, each 4 m2. agronomic practices included two systems (disc plough followed by spring disk mouldboard disk) twelve involving plastic sheeting combined fertilizers, determine their effect on measured ρn ρb soils. results indicated that varied significantly both systems. As expected, ρb, MDP, Qcon increased depth. Moreover, tillage, mulching, depth value affected ηth Qcon. A strong relationship identified between MDP treatments, leading changes dielectric constant (e’).