Advanced Applications of Ionic Liquids in Polymer Science

摘要: During past few years, ionic liquids have kept attracting much attention as “green and designer” media for chemical reactions. Room-temperature emerged a potential replacement organic solvents in catalytic processes on both laboratory industrial scales (Holbrey & Seddon, 1999b). Literature reports wide range of reactions including advances alkylation (Earle et al., 1998), Diels-Alder cyclizations 1999; Jaeger Tucker, 1989), the development commercially competitive dimerization, oligomerization, polymerization olefins (Abdul-Sada 1995a; 1995b; Ambler 1996; Chauvin 1988; 1989). Effectively, Ionic liquids, among unique set physical properties (Chauvin, Mussmann 1995; 1997), no measurable vapor pressure, which lends them ideal replacements volatile, conventional solvents. The readily accessible room-temperature with corresponding variations properties, prepared by simple structural modifications to cations (Gordon 1998; Holbrey 1999a) or changes anions (Bonhoˆte Wilkes Zaworotko, 1992), offers opportunity design an liquid-solvent system optimized particular processes. In other words, these can be considered “designer solvents” (Freemantle, 1998). Applications widely been reviewed literature (Kubisa, 2004; Shen Ding, Lua 2009). used polymer science, mainly several types processes, free radical (Sarbu, Matyjaszewski, 2001), living/controlling polymerizations (such atomtransfer (ATRP) (Ding 2005; Ding., Biedron Kubisa., 2001; 2002; 2003), reversible addition-ragmentation transfer (RAFT) (Perrier Davis, 2002), well coordination (Chiefari Vijayaraghavan MacFarlane 2004). When are conducted liquid, significant increase kp/kt ratio is normally observed comparison those carried out polar/coordinating As ATRP RAFT, facilitate separation from residual catalyst reduce extent side-reactions.