Scuba diving tourism systems and sustainability: Perceptions by the scuba diving industry in two Marine Protected Areas

摘要: Abstract Scuba diving tourism encourages conservation, generates revenue, and supports local communities. Understanding its interactions with environmental, social, economic factors is important in the context of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), where dynamics between role players are complex. This study provides insights into problems affecting sustainability scuba industry two MPAs Italy Mozambique. The environment, economy, non-monetary aspects, society, governance, scientific community were investigated via questionnaire surveys interviews 20 operators. Operators felt importance to themselves, MPAs, resident communities, although they lamented limited support by other stakeholders. Recommendations enhance include actions ranging from engagement planning management education social responsibility. However, heterogeneity issues perceived industry, reflected differences case studies, calls for ad hoc measures.