Symbioses: A Key Driver of Insect Physiological Processes, Ecological Interactions, Evolutionary Diversification, and Impacts on Humans

摘要: Symbiosis is receiving increased attention among all aspects of biology because the unifying themes it helps construct across ecological, evolutionary, developmental, semiochemical, and pest management theory. Insects show a vast array symbiotic relationships with wide diversity microorganisms. These may confer variety benefits to host (macrosymbiont), such as direct or indirect nutrition, ability counter defenses plant animal hosts, protection from natural enemies, improved development reproduction, communication. Benefits microsymbiont (including broad range fungi, bacteria, mites, nematodes, etc.) often iansport, pfrom antagonists, environmental extremes. Symbiotic be mutualistic, commensal, competitive, parasitic. In many cases, individual include both beneficial detrimental effects each partner during various phases their life histories conditions change. The outcomes insect-microbial interactions are strongly mediated by other symbionts features external internal environment. can also have important on human well being quality, affecting agriculture, health, resources, impacts invasive species. We argue that, for systems, our understanding will advance most rapidly where context dependency multipartite membership integrated into existing conceptual frameworks. Furthermore, contribution entomological studies overall symbiosis theory greatest preoccupation strict definitions artificial boundaries minimized, integration emerging molecular quantitative techniques maximized. highlight relations involving bark beetles illustrate examples above trends.