Neandertal-Modern Human Contact in Western Eurasia: Issues of Dating, Taxonomy, and Cultural Associations

摘要: Supporting Assimilation views of Neandertal/modern human interaction, chronostratigraphic reasoning indicates that the “transitional” industries Europe predate modern immigration, in agreement with their association Neandertals Châtelperronian at Grotte du Renne and St.-Cesaire. Neandertals' species separateness less developed cognition, those are alternatively claimed to relate pioneer groups humans; latter would have been true makers precocious instances symbolic material culture that, under Assimilation, assigned Neandertals. However, taxonomy Kent's Cavern Grotta del Cavallo dental remains is uncertain, poor stratigraphic context precludes dating by association. The opposite happens Renne, whose integrity corroborated both taphonomy dating. Not questioning Early Ahmarian a cultural proxy for humans source Protoaurignacian Europe, its emergence ~46–49 ka ago Kebara reflects Middle Paleolithic charcoal—to be expected, because units back cave made up reworked sediments derived from entrance. inherited also explains old results Aurignacian Willendorf II Geissenklosterle. At latter, dates on anthropically modified samples hunted taxa (reindeer horse) place occupations same time range as elsewhere after ~40 ago. hypothesis contact resulted process assimilation connection spread ~41.5 unfalsified.