摘要: Magnetic phenomena have their origins in a quantum mechanical description of electronic structure. An introduction to the magnetism has been given an earlier chapter this book. In particular, exchange coupling between spins, which follows from Coulomb interaction electrons, and Pauli principle, gives rise properties such as ferromagnetism antiferromagnetism, can be understood within framework non-relativistic mechanics. Other magnetic properties, magneto-crystalline anisotropy, results preferred orientation for magnetization with respect crystal axes, are relativistic effects resulting combined spin-orbit magnetism. secondary including magneto-optics magneto-elastic also arise