A boreal invasion in response to climate change? Range shifts and community effects in the borderland between forest and tundra

摘要: It has been hypothesized that climate warming will allow southern species to advance north and invade northern ecosystems. We review the changes in Swedish mammal bird community boreal forest alpine tundra since nineteenth century, as well suggested drivers of change. Observed include (1) range expansion increased abundance birds, ungulates, carnivores; (2) contraction decline birds (3) or periodically disrupted dynamics cyclic populations small medium-sized mammals birds. The first warm spell, 1930-1960, stands out a period substantial faunal However, addition warming, change land use other anthropogenic factors. hypothesize all these interacted, primarily favoring generalists. Future research should aim distinguish between effects land-use