The retinoid induced pancreatic cancer redifferentiation-apoptosis sequence and the mitochondria: a suggested obligatory sequence of events.

摘要: Retinoic acid induces redifferentiation and apoptosis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. Redifferentiation includes early reversion into aerobic metabolism as reflected by an increase of mitochondrial activity mass with normal membrane potential terminal ductal differentiation. Cells such a state either attempt to correct their DNA abnormalities or commit suicide apoptosis. In some systems, cells, the stem cells show transdifferentiate functional endocrine type. However, since it is impossible highly corrupted genome, eventually succumb Mitochondrial changes appear be enforcing factor for this process. The Transformation - Normalizing-redifferentiation Apoptosis sequence has been shown several studies, utilizing various types, apoptotic inducers, biomarkers time frames. Although studies have concomitant redifferentiation, others reported without prior redifferentiation. appropriate frame markers earlier changes, one would detect scenario similar retinoid model. This situation can achieved delaying reducing inducer concentration systems. final physiological fate terminally differentiated Similarly, suggested that degree normalizing transformed might expected former seemed obligatory at least retinoidpancreatic