Chronic Poverty: A Review of Current Quantitative Evidence

摘要: Many aspects of living conditions can fluctuate significantly from one period time to another, as for example the income levels or nutritional status small scale agricultural producers subject effects climatic variability price changes. Therefore in discussing poverty, it is highly desirable adopt a dynamic perspective, and draw distinction between transient chronic poverty. For those experiencing poverty their temporary; such individuals may experience movements into out but are not persistently poor. The chronically poor by contrast persistent over reasonably long time. As analogous case short-term long-term unemployment, these two types be quite distinct call different policy responses.This paper discusses available quantitative evidence relation After an introduction, section 2 conceptual issues defining measuring To identify will generally require either comparable information on at more points (longitudinal panel data) that though only collected once, provides dynamics (e.g. retrospective information). Much literature has focused data sets monetary measures conditions; this approaches have been used studies (the spells components approaches). It also highlights importance measurement error making need deprivation non-monetary dimensions where relevant. Available extent characteristics reviewed 3.In almost all instances minority given point identified being poor, often still substantial minority. typically associated having which explain low human capital productive assets, households with high dependency ratios working return activities. By difficulty insuring themselves against consequences shocks adverse In many cases available, even they are, inevitably suffer various limitations - particular changes accurately individual level. Section 4 therefore considers ways possible consider absence data. 5 concludes, including summarizing important future research.