Combining Tools from Edge-of-Field to In-Stream to Attenuate Reactive Nitrogen along Small Agricultural Waterways

摘要: Reducing excessive reactive nitrogen (N) in agricultural waterways is a major challenge for freshwater managers and landowners. Effective solutions require the use of multiple combined N attenuation tools, targeted along small ditches streams. We present visual framework to guide novel applications ‘tool stacking’ that include edge-of-field waterway-based options targeting delivery pathways, timing, impacts receiving environment (i.e., changes concentration or load). Implementing tools at locations scales using ‘toolbox’ approach will better leverage key hydrological biogeochemical processes (e.g., water retention, infiltration filtering, contact with organic soils microbes, denitrification), addition enhancing ecological benefits waterways. Our applies primarily temperate warmer climates, since cold temperatures freeze–thaw-related limit biologically mediated climates. Moreover, we encourage scientists codevelop toolboxes farmers, implementation tailored fits local hydrological, social, productive landscapes. Generating further knowledge around tool stacking different climates landscape contexts advance management actions attenuate catchment N. Understanding how can be best target contaminant transport pathways create activated zones within essential.