Population Toxicology: Suggestions for Laboratory Bioassays to Predict Pesticide Efficacy

摘要: Despite numerous improvements, laboratory bioassays intended to predict responses of natural insect or mite populations pesticides have been inadequate. Modifications improve the predictive value results included use realistic conditions exposure, scoring procedures other than dead versus alive, identification significant variables that affect response, a multiple bioassay approach, and estimates optimal time application on developmental stages might be affected by pesticide. The need evaluate effects basis population, rather individual, is described. A new approach bioassay, population toxicology, proposed as means pesticide efficacy. With such an parameters, physiological (e.g., degree days), define status sample collected from field would considered in relation response.