B-CELL RESPONSES AFTER PERTUSSIS VACCINATION

作者: Maja Jahnmatz

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摘要: Despite years of vaccination efforts, whooping cough, or pertussis, is not under control. Although immunization has greatly reduced the disease incidence, thousands children die cough each year. Therefore, there an urgent need to improve available vaccines as well our understanding immunological mechanisms required for optimal protection against pertussis. The focus this thesis was on B-cell responses after pertussis within scope two clinical trials. ELISpot protocol optimized ensure sensitive detection responses. In paper I, superiority novel demonstrated with regard activation, sensitivity, antigen consumption, and assay time in comparison established protocol. first trial evaluated safety immunogenicity a live, attenuated, whole-cell vaccine named BPZE1 phase 1 setting (reported papers II III). This strain genetically modified designed intranasal administration subsequent nonpathologic infection immunized subjects. second 4 booster study fifth consecutive dose acellular adolescents. Memory serological are reported IV. both studies, strong were detected ELISA ELISpot. Colonization crucial study, whereas content concentration influenced study. Immunity still fully understood. Evaluating several parameters immune response will give better activities following vaccination. More knowledge enable contribute control POPULARVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING Kikhosta ar en sjukdom som kannetecknas av frekventa och svara hostanfall avslutas med kiknande inandning. kallas aven vilket betyder svar hosta pa latin (per svar, tussis hosta). Sjukdomen orsakas bakterien Bordetella drabbar alla aldrar, dock ovaccinerade spadbarn varst drabbade. Vaccination ett effektivt skydd mot kikhosta. Den globala introduktionen kikhostevaccinet 1950-talet ledde till dramatisk minskning sjukdomen. Det vaccin anvandes var sa kallat helcellsvaccin bestod hela avdodade B. bakterier. Pa 1980-talet utvecklades annan typ vaccin, det acellulara, endast bestar enstaka komponenter ger mindre biverkningar. Manniskans kikhosta kortvarigt, varken naturlig infektion eller livslangt En anses ge langre helcellsvacciner generellt vara mer effektiva acellulara vacciner. Individer har genomgatt vaccinerats far vanligtvis inte om de smittas utan mildare form sjukdomen kanske ens diagnostiseras uppmarksammas. Detta leder att infekterade personer medvetna sin smittsamhet, blir problematiskt nara kontakt barn. Att oka skyddet vaccineffektiviteten darfor hog prioritet minska fallen allvarlig dodlig Trots vaccinationstackning man senaste aren internationellt sett okning flera dodsfall foljd. verkar vaccinerna vi idag anvander fungerar tillfredsstallande. effektivisering nuvarande vacciner vaccinationsprogram efterfragad. For battre forsta hur detta ska goras maste kunskapen immunforsvarets roll okas. fa bild utvarderat svaret, viss immunceller (sa kallade Bceller) efter B-celler skyddar infektioner genom utsondra antikroppar. Nar antikropparna binder mikroorganismen neutraliseras den, vill saga hindras fran orsaka infektion. I avhandlingen tva kliniska studier kikhostevaccin inkluderade. Forst utvecklade utvarderade metodprotokoll mata antalet i blod, kallad B-cells ELISpot, forsakra oss skulle palitliga resultat. Vart nya protokoll visade sig snabbare pavisa redan etablerat protokoll, fortsattningen bara protokollet. studien genomfordes inneholl nytt vid namn BPZE1. provades vaccinet gangen manniskor vaccinets sakerhet formaga aktivera immunforsvaret studerades. andra B-cellssvaret femte dos olika typer acellulart ungdomar dess effektivitet sakerhet. Skillnaden mellan bakteriekomponenter deras koncentration. grupp fick komponent medan den gruppen fem sitt vaccin. bada studierna kunde se starkt B-cellssvar, visar B-cellerna aktivt bidrar immunsvar ses kikhostans spridning kontroll runt 200 000 barn varlden dor varje ar. Effektivare kan befolkningen smittorisken spadbarn. Ett annat tillvagagangssatt vaccinera spadbarnen satt direkt skydda dem smitta. tankt smaningom ges fodseln tidigt mojligt kunna kommer droja innan full forstaelse bast kikhosta, men talamod forskning insikt loser

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