Life cycle inventory for electric energy system in Brazil

摘要: The goal of this paper is to present the modeling life cycle inventory (LCI) for electric energy production and delivery in Brazil reference year 2000 by application ISO 14040. Site specific data along with sector have been combined construct an model, which has applied emissions estimation. Background-data all inputs outputs from system inventoried as follows: gross generation, installed nameplate capacity, flooded area, losses, air / water, process waste, used fuel, efficiency land use. In Brazil, electricity supplied various regions interconnected composed 418 companies, consisting 389 hydraulic power plants 29 thermal stations. Due enormous number grid mix was developed on basis following hierarchy: information received companies (15), Brazilian Industrial Information System Sector (SIESE) Ministries. functional unit 1,000 MJ (278 kWh) distributed users. main stations, well those fuel production, were investigated. not considered emission-free — a model proposed where renewable CO2 CH4 (hydro) are attributed degradation submerged reservoir areas. distribution requires approx. 1,600 energy, 230 kg water (evaporated at plants), 116 m3 waterflow through turbines, 13 coal, 5 biotic reserves 0.25 m2a Emissions related 18 non-renewable CO2,17 CO2, 540 g CH4, 575 NOx, SO2,149 CO, among others. Thermal stations contributors these emissions, except being contributions coal plants, respectively. spite considering area dams hydropower it shown that very clean due characteristics 93.5% hydraulic. This means delivered produces 34 (53%) emitted fossil burning participate only 6.5% Brazil. first tentative express generation terms LCA. future, more detailed study should be made order improve model. A complementary will produced future scenarios discussed, including possible alternatives minimize environmental impacts plants.