Ecological Energetics of Whooping Cranes in the Eastern Migratory Population

摘要: ABSTRACT Energetics shape the migration, feeding, and breeding ecology of Eastern Migratory Population (EMP) Whooping Cranes ( Grus americana ). In this chapter, we review information about ecological energetics in EMP. We also contribute new field by analyzing how expanding wintering range EMP affects Crane energetics. particular, model across – from as far north Indiana to south Alabama overwintering energy requirements compared Florida; management reintroduction effort was intended result a population that wintered Florida. found costs thermoregulation southern can be up double those more southerly grounds, particularly cold winters. The extent extra required suggests energy-dense waste corn harvested fields could important overwinter survival storage fat reserves for breeding. suggest continued monitoring signs stress during breeding, cranes begin nesting areas Wisconsin with lower densities black flies (which are associated failure therefore may masking evidence relationship between choice area reproductive success). recommend further research intake storage/use season order (1) inform locations context changing chick-rearing strategies (2) assess hypothesis contributes secondary factor nest abandonment cranes.