Membrane proteins of arterivirus particles: structure, topology, processing and function

摘要: Arteriviruses, such as equine arteritis virus (EAV) and porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome (PRRSV), are important pathogens in veterinary medicine. Despite their limited genome size, arterivirus particles contain a multitude of membrane proteins, the Gp5/M Gp2/3/4 complex, small hydrophobic E protein ORF5a protein. Their function during entry budding is understood only incompletely. We summarize current knowledge primary structure, topology, (co-translational) processing intracellular targeting to membranes exocytic pathway, which site. profoundly describe experimental data that led widely believed conceptions about these proteins also report new results steps for each glycoprotein. Further, we depict location characteristics epitopes since late appearance neutralizing antibodies may lead persistence, characteristic hallmark infection. Some molecular features arteriviral rare or even unique from cell biological point view, particularly prevention signal peptide cleavage by co-translational glycosylation, discovered EAV-Gp3, efficient use overlapping sequons glycosylation. This article reviews mechanisms cellular processes. Based on this, present hypotheses structure variability role budding.