Effects of Predators and Injury over Different Time Scales in the Damselfly Ischnura posita (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)

摘要: Sublethal appendage injury or loss has been shown to alter many behaviors of animals, including foraging and predation avoidance. But most studies this phenomenon date have short-term in scope, longer term may produce different results as seen some on predator effects. Larval damselflies routinely autotomize their caudal lamellae encounter predators, making them ideal for comparisons effects exposure. In study, I examined activity larval Ischnura posita (Hagen) (Odonata: Coenagrionidae), testing lamella cues both the short (1 h) (8 d). predicted that predators would decrease a time these diminish over time. Results indicated only severe injuries affected foraging, delaying first prey capture when no was present; but did not affect total caught. 1-h experiment, had lower presence cues, with effect injury, whereas 8-day experiment showed activity. find major damselflies; were detectable entire 8-d study. conclude ecological implications such nature often be negligible.