Evidence for Succession and Putative Metabolic Roles of Fungi and Bacteria in the Farming Mutualism of the Ambrosia Beetle Xyleborus affinis.

摘要: ABSTRACT The bacterial and fungal community involved in ambrosia beetle fungiculture remains poorly studied compared to the famous fungus-farming ants termites. Here we microbial dynamics of laboratory nests, adults, brood during life cycle sugarcane shot hole borer, Xyleborus affinis. We identified a total 40 428 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), from which only five fungi (a Raffaelea fungus four ascomycete yeasts) genera (Stenotrophomonas, Enterobacter, Burkholderia, Ochrobactrum) can be considered core playing most relevant symbiotic role. Both populations varied significantly beetle’s cycle. While yeasts were main colonizers gallery early on, other filamentous appeared after day 10, at time when larval hatching happened. Regarding bacteria, Stenotrophomonas Enterobacter dominated overall but decreased foundresses with age. Finally, inferred analyses putative metabolic capabilities microbiome revealed that they are (i) degradation plant polymers, (ii) fixation atmospheric nitrogen, (iii) essential amino acid, cofactor, vitamin provisioning. Overall, our results suggest bacteria more strongly supporting beetle-fungus farming symbiosis than previously thought. IMPORTANCE Ambrosia beetles farm their own food within tunnel systems wood among three insect lineages performing agriculture (the others termites). In beetles, primary cultivars have been regarded essential, whereas microbes or less ignored. Our KEGG so far unknown roles symbionts, by preparing walls for fungi. This preparation includes enzymatic wood, acid production, nitrogen fixation. latter is especially exciting because if it turns out present vivo all animals (including humans) dependent on fertilization crops. As previous internal transcribed spacer (ITS) metabarcoding approaches failed covering fungi, 18S approach also serve as template future studies symbiosis.