作者: R John , A M Herzenberg
关键词:
摘要: Kidney transplantation has become increasingly common in major health centres, making renal allograft evaluation through biopsy a procedure. Early dysfunction occurs 30-50% of all transplants, while chronic graft failure is almost uniform at rate 2-4% year. Allograft remains the gold standard for diagnosis dysfunction. Rejection, albeit most important, only one many causes The widely accepted Banff classification set criteria acute and rejection. differential diagnoses are ischaemic injury, calcineurin inhibitor toxicity (acute chronic), infections, including pyelonephritis polyomavirus nephropathy, obstruction/reflux, hypertension, recurrent de novo disease. In this review, there an outline their implications, various dysfunction, discussion on morphological guidelines towards diagnoses.