Internal anatomy of the hornbill casque described by radiography, contrast radiography, and computed tomography.

摘要: Hornbills are distinguished from most other avian taxa by the presence of a casque on dorsal maxillary beak, which, in all but 1 54 extant hornbill species, is described as essentially an air-filled cavity enclosed minimal cancellous bone. The external has been detail, little about its internal anatomy and communications between paranasal sinuses. In this study, 10 intact skull specimens 7 species were collected opportunistically at necropsy. for each was examined radiography, contrast computed tomography. After imaging, 8 submitted osteologic preparation to directly visualize interior. Through standardized review, baseline described, including identification novel sinus within system. These observations will assist clinicians diagnosis treatment diseases species.