The Human Endolymphatic Sac and Inner Ear Immunity: Macrophage Interaction and Molecular Expression

摘要: Background: The endolymphatic sac (ES) is endowed with a multitude of white blood cells that may trap and process antigens reach the inner ear from nearby infection-prone areas, it thus serves as an immunologic defense organ. human ES, unexpectedly rest ear, has been recently shown to contain numerous resident macrophages. In this paper, we describe ES macrophages using super-resolution structured fluorescence microscopy (SR-SIM) speculate on these macrophages' roles in defense. Material Methods: After ethical permission was obtained, vestibular aqueducts were collected during trans-labyrinthine surgery for acoustic neuroma removal. Tissues placed fixative before being decalcified, rapidly frozen, cryostat sectioned. Antibodies against IBA1, cytokine fractalkine (CX3CL1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), cluster differentiation (CD)68, CD11b, CD4, CD8, major histocompatibility complex type II (MHCII) used immunohistochemistry. Results: A large number IBA1-positive different morphologies found reside ES; populated surrounding connective tissue epithelium. Macrophages interacted other cells, showed migrant behavior, expressed immune cell markers, all which suggest their active role innate adaptive tolerance. Discussion: High-resolution immunohistochemistry shows reaching be trapped processed by machinery located ES. Thereby inflammatory activity evaded near vulnerable sensory structures. We defensive link between ear.