Milk—A Nutrient System of Mammalian Evolution Promoting mTORC1-Dependent Translation

摘要: Based on own translational research of the biochemical and hormonal effects cow’s milk consumption in humans, this review presents as a signaling system mammalian evolution that activates nutrient-sensitive kinase mechanistic target rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), pivotal regulator translation. Milk, mammary gland-derived secretory product, is required for species-specific gene-nutrient interactions promote appropriate growth development newborn mammal. This highly conserved tightly controlled by lactation genome. Milk sufficient to activate mTORC1, crucial protein, lipid, nucleotide synthesis orchestrating anabolism, cell proliferation. To fulfill its mTORC1-activating function, delivers four key metabolic messengers: (1) essential branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs); (2) glutamine; (3) palmitic acid; (4) bioactive exosomal microRNAs, which synergistical fashion mTORC1-dependent In all mammals except Neolithic postnatal activation mTORC1 intake restricted period. It critical concern persistent hyperactivation associated with aging age-related disorders such obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases. Persistent promotes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress drives an aimless quasi-program,