New and old market-based instruments for climate change policy.

摘要: We review and examine three market-based instruments to address the challenge of climate change: emission trading, taxes, hybrid instruments. Our main contribution is illustration comparison these using recent results from theoretical research practical policy experience. Hybrid policies that aim combine taxes permits emerge as a promising way forward. An additional we also comment on two other related concepts, namely, innovation strategies prediction markets. For former, show that, make economic sense, much publicized Asia-Pacific Partnership Clean Development Climate has rely same basic tool instruments, relative prices. latter, discuss how markets can complement traditional scenario analysis by experts. They are likely improve implementation all previously discussed methods.